ANALISIS STABILITAS KONSTRUKSI
In theory, there are two kinds of retaining wall construction stability, the stability against external force and the stability of the internal forces. Analysis of the stability of the external forces to hazards include:
- Against the dangers of rolling
- Against the dangers of sliding
- Against the soil bearing capacity
The analysis of the stability of the internal styles (styles in) reviewed the internal force of stability in the body retaining walls (retaining wall).
Explanation of the above, I will explain each of these points:
Stability Against Danger Bolsters
As a result of the forces at work, the construction will be rolled out and spun through a swivel point when not mampi against forces that work. Moment of force due to an active style of Ma = Pa LBX H While the moment of resistance due to self-weight construction of Ma = Vx. a balanced .When condition then ΣΜ = 0 (moment bolsters = moment of resistance). In general security numbers drawn were:
SF = ΣΜp / ΣΜa
Where :
SF ≥ 1.5: Used for non-cohesive soil types eg sandy soil
SF ≥ 2: Used for cohesive soil types eg ground plates (clay)
At the base of the bridge construction, bridge piers, the channel walls due to water flow leading to reduced passive earth pressure, then the passive earth pressure can be ignored. The magnitude of the moment due to passive earth pressure are:
Mpasif = Pp. hp
Several attempts to increase security numbers are as follows:
Adding to the moment due to passive earth pressure on memoen resistance.
Reducing rolling moment by moment due to passive earth pressure.
Shortening the active style arm or extend the foot or heel with the aim to increase the torque resistance.
And the constructions in areas with stagnant water or surface water will occur tinngi the hydrostatic pressure which reduces the magnitude of safety factor (SF). The magnitude of the moment due to hydrostatic pressure is:
Mw = pw. a
The collapse bolsters events that have been described above can be seen in figure below;
Dalam teori retaining wall ada dua macam kestabilan konstruksi, yakni kestabilan terhadap gaya eksternal dan kestabilan terhadap gaya internal. Analisis stabilitas gaya-gaya eksternal ini meliputi terhadap bahaya :
- Terhadap bahaya guling- Against the dangers of rolling
- Against the dangers of sliding
- Against the soil bearing capacity
The analysis of the stability of the internal styles (styles in) reviewed the internal force of stability in the body retaining walls (retaining wall).
Explanation of the above, I will explain each of these points:
Stability Against Danger Bolsters
As a result of the forces at work, the construction will be rolled out and spun through a swivel point when not mampi against forces that work. Moment of force due to an active style of Ma = Pa LBX H While the moment of resistance due to self-weight construction of Ma = Vx. a balanced .When condition then ΣΜ = 0 (moment bolsters = moment of resistance). In general security numbers drawn were:
SF = ΣΜp / ΣΜa
Where :
SF ≥ 1.5: Used for non-cohesive soil types eg sandy soil
SF ≥ 2: Used for cohesive soil types eg ground plates (clay)
At the base of the bridge construction, bridge piers, the channel walls due to water flow leading to reduced passive earth pressure, then the passive earth pressure can be ignored. The magnitude of the moment due to passive earth pressure are:
Mpasif = Pp. hp
Several attempts to increase security numbers are as follows:
Adding to the moment due to passive earth pressure on memoen resistance.
Reducing rolling moment by moment due to passive earth pressure.
Shortening the active style arm or extend the foot or heel with the aim to increase the torque resistance.
And the constructions in areas with stagnant water or surface water will occur tinngi the hydrostatic pressure which reduces the magnitude of safety factor (SF). The magnitude of the moment due to hydrostatic pressure is:
Mw = pw. a
The collapse bolsters events that have been described above can be seen in figure below;
Dalam teori retaining wall ada dua macam kestabilan konstruksi, yakni kestabilan terhadap gaya eksternal dan kestabilan terhadap gaya internal. Analisis stabilitas gaya-gaya eksternal ini meliputi terhadap bahaya :
- Terhadap bahaya geser
- Terhadap daya dukung tanah
Adapun analisis stabilitas terhadap gaya internal (gaya dalam) ditinjau pada stabilitas gaya internal pada badan dinding penahan (retaining wall).
Dari penjelassan di atas, akan saya jelaskan masing-masing point tersebut :
- Stabilitas Terhadap Bahaya Guling
SF = ΣΜp / ΣΜaDimana :
SF ≥ 1,5 : Digunakan untuk jenis tanah non kohesif misal tanah pasir
SF ≥ 2 : Digunakan untuk jenis tanah kohesif misal tanah lemping (clay)
Pada konstruksi pangkal jembatan, pilar jembatan, dinding saluran akibat aliran air yang menyebabkan berkurangnya tekanan tanah pasif, maka tekanan tanah pasif dapat diabaikan. Besarnya momen akibat tekanan tanah pasif adalah :
Mpasif = Pp . hp
Beberapa usaha untuk memperbesar angka keamanan adalah sebagai berikut :
- Menambah momen akibat tekanan tanah pasif pada memoen perlawanan.
- Mengurangi momen guiling dengan momen akibat tekanan tanah pasif.
- Memperpendek lengan gaya aktif atau memperpanjang kaki atau tumit dengan tujuan untuk memperbesar momen perlawanan.
Mw = Pw . a
Adapun peristiwa keruntuhan guling yang telah diterangkan di atas dapat dilihat pada Gambar di bawah ini ;
- Stability Against Danger Slide
Active earth pressure (Pa lb) raises the thrust so that the walls will shift. When the walls of the ground in a stable state, then the forces that work in a state of balance (ΣF = 0 and ΣΜ = 0)
The ability to resist horizontal forces due to active earth pressure is highly dependent by force the resistance that occurs in the contact area between the construction of the subgrade foundation. There are two possible styles of this resistance is based on the soil type, namely:
- Land basic foundation in the form of non-cohesive soil
With f; The coefficient of friction between the concrete wall and the subgrade foundation, if the foundation pads are relatively coarse then f = tgΦ, where Φ is the friction angle in the soil. Sebalikinya when the foundation board relatively smooth surface, then take the value f = tg (0,7Φ) so that in a matter obtained: Vf = Gtotal x f, and in a matter of security numbers drawn were:
SF = Vt + Pp ≥ 1.5
Ppah
- Land basic foundation in the form of cohesive soil
The amount of bond between the foundation board invitation soil retaining wall foundation base is (0.5 to 0.75) C, where C adalan soil cohesion and usually taken 2/3 x C x magnitude of adhesion force multiplied by the adhesions, it acquired the force opponents = 2 / 3.C (bx 1), when taken long wall is 1 m '. So will the figures obtained security:
SF = 2/3 x C x b
Pa1b
See Figure below
- Stabilitas Terhadap Bahaya Geser
Kemampuan untuk menahan gaya horizontal akibat tekanan tanah aktif tersebut sangat tergantung oleh gaya perlawanan yang terjadi pada bidang kontak antara konstruksi tersebut dengan tanah dasar pondasi. Ada dua kemungkinan gaya perlawanan ini di dasarkan pada jenis tanahnya, yaitu :
- Tanah dasar pondasi berupa tanah non kohesif
Dengan f ; Koefisien gesek antara dinding beton dan tanah dasar pondasi, bila alas pondasi relatif kasar maka f = tgΦ, dimana Φ merupakan sudut geser dalam tanah. Sebalikinya bila alas pondasi relatif halus permukaannya, maka diambil nilai f = tg (0,7Φ) sehingga dalam hitungan didapat : Vf = Gtotal x f, dan dalam hitungan angka keamanan yang diambil adalah :
SF = Vf + Pp ≥ 1,5
Ppah
- Tanah dasar pondasi berupa tanah kohesif
Besarnya lekatan antara alas pondasi dinding penahan tanah dangan tanah dasar pondasi adalah (0,5 - 0,75)C, dimana C adalan kohesi tanah dan biasanya diambil 2/3 x C x besarnya gaya lekat dikali dengan lekatan, maka diperoleh besarnya gaya lawan = 2/3.C (b x 1), bila diambil panjang dinding adalah 1 m'. Jadi akan diperoleh angka keamanan :
SF = 2/3 x C x b
Pa1b
Lihat Gambar di bawah ini
Stability Against Land Capability
The amount of soil bearing capacity that allowed varies depending on the type of subgrade foundation that can be of clay, sand or a mixture of sand and clay soil types in the form of hard rock, rock and others. Analysis of the stability of the soil bearing capacity even this distinguished terhadaap the soil type:
- Type of clay soil, sandy soil or soil mix.
- Type in the form of hard ground.
When in the implementation, building load bearing capacity exceed the amount permitted, then the collapse of the carrying capacity as illustrated below.
Stabilitas Terhadap Daya Dukung Tanah
Besarnya daya dukung tanah yang diizinkan berbeda-beda tergantung jenis tanah dasar pondasi yang dapat berupa tanah lempung, pasir atau campuran lempung pasir dan jenis tanah keras berupa cadas, batu dan lain-lain. Analisa stabilitas terhadap daya dukung tanah inipun dibedakan terhadaap jenis tanah tersebut :
- Jenis tanah berupa tanah lempung, tanah pasir atau tanah campuran.
- Jenis berupa tanah keras.
Stability Against Internal Style On Board Konsturksi
Internal style (style in) meruipakan the forces that work on the construction of the retaining wall per segment, meaning pengharuh these forces do not work on all parts of the retaining wall as a whole, internal force which is necessary to review its stability is the segment of the body wall, especially the connection to the body with a foot retaining wall retaining wall foundation, as in the image below :
Gaya internal (gaya dalam) meruipakan gaya-gaya yang bekerja pada konstruksi retaining wall per segmen, artinya pengharuh gaya-gaya tersebut tidak bekerja pada seluruh bagian retaining wall secara utuh, Gaya internal yang perlu ditinjau kestabilannya adalah pada segmen badan dinding, terutama sambungan pada badan dinding penahan dengan kaki pondasi dinding penahan, seperti pada gambar di bawah ini :
When the retaining wall segments are not similar happened strain (eccentricity in> 1/6 width of the wall), then it can lead to rupture of the body construction. so that the body wall of the body would collapse / separate from the foot of the foundation.
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